{"id":2969,"date":"2023-12-31T12:59:49","date_gmt":"2023-12-31T11:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/?p=2969"},"modified":"2024-06-19T11:22:54","modified_gmt":"2024-06-19T09:22:54","slug":"gateau-sous-contraintes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/index.php\/2023\/12\/31\/gateau-sous-contraintes\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00e2teau sous contraintes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-603b1229-f79c-410a-b56c-aeec6e4c24d1\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L&rsquo;intro de l&rsquo;IA: Bienvenue dans le monde enchant\u00e9 o\u00f9 les g\u00e2teaux deviennent des chefs-d&rsquo;\u0153uvre photol\u00e9lastiavecques et bir\u00e9fringents ! Ce chapitre sucr\u00e9 nous transporte dans une aventure o\u00f9 la pression ext\u00e9rieure transforme les desserts en prodiges optiques. Chaque cuill\u00e8re devient une baguette magique, ajoutant des tensions et des d\u00e9calages pour composer un festival de couleurs. Les g\u00e2teaux deviennent des toiles de bir\u00e9fringence, o\u00f9 les d\u00e9calages color\u00e9s entre composantes cr\u00e9ent une danse cosmique de polarisation. Ces d\u00e9lices, \u00e9quations gourmandes, r\u00e9v\u00e8lent des retards qui correspondent \u00e0 des d\u00e9phasages d\u00e9licieusement color\u00e9s. \ud83c\udf70\ud83c\udfa8<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-95c07e12-d6a1-48d2-a3a6-0d83b99f92d7\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gelee-2-1024x857.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est gelee-2-1024x857.jpg.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-6d7fc99a-24e9-4539-8769-ae3e0087b2ca\">L\u2019effet photo\u00e9lastique: le g\u00e2teau devient&nbsp;bir\u00e9fringent&nbsp;sous l\u2019effet d\u2019une&nbsp;contrainte&nbsp;ext\u00e9rieure de pression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-4fa8b577-1677-466e-adf3-b9fb7bd731d4\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gelee-1-1024x870.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est gelee-1-1024x870.jpg.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-ad49f4a9-791f-4dff-9b27-2188d57ff5ed\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/contraintes-1024x1004.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est contraintes-1024x1004.jpg.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-5064bb96-b6f7-48df-adaf-75aeb397b8d1\">Milieu isotrope: voici une particule du gateau qui va \u00eatre excit\u00e9e par la lumi\u00e8re. Elle est reli\u00e9e au r\u00e9seau des autres particules qui l&rsquo;entourent par des liaisons mod\u00e9lis\u00e9es par des ressorts ici:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre id=\"block-c8f7ee56-36ff-4d52-88bc-bb8c4ec57471\" class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><p class=\"ql-center-picture\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-68e7c7572dd322417013deca562e8f71_l3.png\" height=\"226\" width=\"226\" class=\"ql-img-picture \" alt=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-d4c7891c-3daf-4030-b81c-3624ae782afe\">Lorsqu&rsquo;on appuie avec la cuill\u00e8re dans une direction, on ajoute une tension dans une direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre id=\"block-a6f9f3e2-da45-4d12-b47b-ed1c3b15a269\" class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Milieu anisotrope\n\n<p class=\"ql-center-picture\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cba18c46553f303930b0d79af0b7bb34_l3.png\" height=\"226\" width=\"304\" class=\"ql-img-picture \" alt=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-e9366935-3578-4ef1-b7b5-717c9f3c8335\">Les deux oscillateurs n&rsquo;ont plus les m\u00eame caract\u00e9ristiques suivant les vibrations dans une direction (verticale) ou l&rsquo;autre (horizontale).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-25ff39b9-7cd4-4bf1-af59-4facece2b482\">L&rsquo;onde \u00e9lectrique <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8fc29ea913e99f4278adcd8d19052d1e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#92;&#118;&#101;&#99;&#123;&#69;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"17\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> arrive sur la particule: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0c9bb875c8fa4f1daf497cd52257dbad_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#60;&#99;&#111;&#100;&#101;&#62;&#65;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#111;&#115;&#40;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#32;&#116;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#112;&#104;&#105;&#41;&#60;&#47;&#99;&#111;&#100;&#101;&#62;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"263\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>. La particule est excit\u00e9e avec la pulsation <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ffa789aabf819fde939bb4da1b204906_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#60;&#99;&#111;&#100;&#101;&#62;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#60;&#47;&#99;&#111;&#100;&#101;&#62;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"171\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> de la lumi\u00e8re qui lui arrive dessus pour une certaine couleur de lumi\u00e8re. Elle va donc vibrer avec un r\u00e9gime forc\u00e9 \u00e0 la pulsation impos\u00e9e <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ffa789aabf819fde939bb4da1b204906_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#60;&#99;&#111;&#100;&#101;&#62;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#60;&#47;&#99;&#111;&#100;&#101;&#62;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"171\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>. Par contre son amplitude et sa phase d\u00e9pendent des caract\u00e9ristiques de l&rsquo;oscillateur <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f4b029ea67322ed011561814126aa2af_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#40;&#107;&#44;&#109;&#44;&#113;&#44;&#84;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> On va donc avoir une onde transmise qui se d\u00e9compose suivant les axes en <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1077d9c3b062f7fe95f2936a576459a0_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#60;&#99;&#111;&#100;&#101;&#62;&#65;&#39;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#111;&#115;&#40;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#32;&#116;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#112;&#104;&#105;&#39;&#41;&#60;&#47;&#99;&#111;&#100;&#101;&#62;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"272\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> et <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-90771d411cf840f0609bd87069cfbd2d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#60;&#99;&#111;&#100;&#101;&#62;&#65;&#39;&#39;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#111;&#115;&#40;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#32;&#116;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#112;&#104;&#105;&#39;&#39;&#41;&#60;&#47;&#99;&#111;&#100;&#101;&#62;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"280\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> ainsi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre id=\"block-629d748d-bdae-42ba-b7af-81d846c4437a\" class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><p class=\"ql-center-picture\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f62567021f9e0983de9ae06399fe640f_l3.png\" height=\"509\" width=\"663\" class=\"ql-img-picture \" alt=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-8e07b751-ac44-465b-ab7c-a5701d61abfb\">Comme suivant un axe et l&rsquo;autre on a un d\u00e9phasage <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0989cf36af38daf009bd54a899998bf9_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#92;&#112;&#104;&#105;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> et <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e627a612e1460aea7d88ca22d4bcd6c7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#92;&#112;&#104;&#105;&#39;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"19\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, on a donc un retard entre une des deux composantes par rapport \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-2bfc4bd7-2d51-473b-9b56-8531ea9e1ccb\">Le retard entre les deux composantes de l&rsquo;onde correspond \u00e0 un&nbsp;d\u00e9phasage&nbsp;qui d\u00e9pend de la&nbsp;longueur d&rsquo;onde, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire de la couleur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><p class=\"ql-center-picture\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d12043be3b4c6611fc1f2eae060d464a_l3.png\" height=\"285\" width=\"559\" class=\"ql-img-picture \" alt=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-ef86e534-1472-4e36-bfc2-ff3617895d93\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ezgif-3-43f0a8680e.gif\" alt=\"L\u2019attribut alt de cette image est vide, son nom de fichier est ezgif-3-43f0a8680e.gif.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" id=\"block-72093bf5-4139-4532-88a7-2cbc6c308576\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-a95c42d5-fa54-41ca-8f86-609c74848161\">Cons\u00e9quences sur le plan de polarisation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-e6f1cc68-5362-4c8b-ad02-eed0ccedcbf1\">Voyons quel est l&rsquo;effet du retard entre les composantes de m\u00eame fr\u00e9quence d&rsquo;une onde polaris\u00e9e selon un axe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si les deux composantes suivant 2 plans orthogonaux sont tout d&rsquo;abord en phase:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><p class=\"ql-center-picture\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a37db37c8f70396a4ad3c77ff8be2b19_l3.png\" height=\"356\" width=\"545\" class=\"ql-img-picture \" alt=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A pr\u00e9sent, ajoutons un retard \u00e0 la composante dans le plan rose par rapport \u00e0 la composante dans le plan bleu (l&rsquo;indice et donc la vitesse de l&rsquo;onde suivant une direction \u00e9tant diff\u00e9rente de l&rsquo;autre plan):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre id=\"block-f1a03ab0-c3ec-4e82-bb14-18c0e0d50b2f\" class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><p class=\"ql-center-picture\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a54f1b3eaf4fae07e8cf8d90926b17ca_l3.png\" height=\"356\" width=\"592\" class=\"ql-img-picture \" alt=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-b6111a8c-0c96-402b-8318-c3fc9f9ace7a\">Le retard dans un plan a eu pour cons\u00e9quence de modifier l&rsquo;amplitude de l&rsquo;onde dans le plan de polarisation observ\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avec un d\u00e9callage plus important entre les 2 plans, de <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3a93836f83cca2f82d78734354a16262_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#92;&#112;&#105;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, on a :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><p class=\"ql-center-picture\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fd896d4977bb4cfad011176f6817ebe8_l3.png\" height=\"356\" width=\"545\" class=\"ql-img-picture \" alt=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On a fait tourner le plan de polarisation de <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c23bf84ee793b195bfe3bafff118b2b4_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#92;&#112;&#105;&#47;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"28\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" id=\"block-6b6e4c8e-1d96-46eb-bc8e-6dc1685591e2\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-85ca413d-d69d-420a-b3aa-618d250d5ef3\">Cons\u00e9quences sur les couleurs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"819\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/contrainte-vert-1024x819.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3172\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/contrainte-vert-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/contrainte-vert-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/contrainte-vert-768x614.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/contrainte-vert-1536x1229.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/contrainte-vert-2048x1638.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-a01533ac-9bd4-4cb0-b289-7abcf5adfc51\">La modification d&rsquo;amplitude d\u00e9pendante de la longueur d&rsquo;onde, c&rsquo;est pourquoi les images obtenues avec de la lumi\u00e8re blanche pr\u00e9sentent des irisations color\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On peut calculer suivant le retard d&rsquo;un plan par rapport \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre, quelles couleurs vont \u00eatre att\u00e9nu\u00e9es et quelle sera la couleur r\u00e9sultante visible et comparer \u00e0 ce qui est observ\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour une longueur d&rsquo;onde donn\u00e9e, l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 de la couleur observ\u00e9e est donc suite \u00e0 l&rsquo;interf\u00e9rence d&rsquo;une onde avec la m\u00eame suivant un autre axe se propageant \u00e0 une vitesse diff\u00e9rente:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4c1799c44512876d3416a17316b5608f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#73;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#75;&#32;&#92;&#99;&#111;&#115;&#94;&#50;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#102;&#116;&#91;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#102;&#116;&#40;&#110;&#95;&#49;&#32;&#45;&#32;&#110;&#95;&#50;&#92;&#114;&#105;&#103;&#104;&#116;&#41;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#92;&#112;&#105;&#32;&#99;&#32;&#100;&#125;&#123;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#125;&#92;&#114;&#105;&#103;&#104;&#116;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"23\" width=\"198\" style=\"vertical-align: -7px;\"\/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2bbb0d8af702af2608c96cc5054d8506_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#110;&#95;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"11\" width=\"17\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> et <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8d377d53c72a549d0ea8defb7462e7fe_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula \" alt=\"&#110;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"11\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> r\u00e9v\u00e8lent les contraintes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"699\" height=\"152\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/couleurs.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3025\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/couleurs.jpg 699w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/couleurs-300x65.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-930d3512 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mod\u00e8le:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<TABLE WIDTH=\"100%\" BORDER=\"0\" CELLPADDING=\"0\" CELLSPACING=\"0\">\n            <COL WIDTH=\"90%\">\n            <COL WIDTH=\"0px\">\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFE8E4'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFE8E3'>\n                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bgcolor='#E4C5B0'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#DEBEA5'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#D7B699'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#CFAE8C'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#C7A57E'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#BE9B6F'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#B4905F'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#AA854D'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#9F7938'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#936C1C'>                \n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#865E00'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#774F00'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#673F00'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#552B00'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#3E0C00'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#190015'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#000034'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00004A'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00005C'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00006D'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00007C'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#001D8A'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#003598'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0047A4'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0057AF'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0066B9'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0073C2'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0080CA'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#008CD1'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#1197D7'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#3BA1DC'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#54ABE0'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#67B4E3'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#77BCE5'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#86C4E6'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#94CBE6'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#A0D1E4'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#ACD7E2'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#B7DCDF'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#C1E0DB'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#CBE3D5'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#D3E6CF'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#DCE8C7'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#E3EABF'>\n                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bgcolor='#FFD43D'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFCE1F'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFC700'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFC000'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFB700'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFAE00'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFA500'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FF9A00'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FE8F00'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#F98329'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#F37643'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#ED6858'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#E6586A'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#DE477A'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#D53288'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#CB1396'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#C000A2'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#B400AD'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#A700B7'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#9800C0'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#8700C8'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#7400D0'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#5C00D6'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#3B15DB'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0033DF'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0048E2'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0059E4'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0068E5'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0076E5'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0083E4'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#008FE3'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#009BE0'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00A5DC'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00AFD7'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00B7D1'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00C0CB'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00C7C3'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00CEBB'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00D4B1'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00D9A7'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00DD9C'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#1FE190'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#50E484'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#6DE676'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#83E868'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#96E859'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#A7E849'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#B6E837'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#C4E624'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#D1E40B'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#DCE100'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#E6DD00'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#F0D90D'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#F8D424'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFCE37'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFC848'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFC158'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFB967'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFB174'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FFA881'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FF9F8D'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FF9598'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FF8BA2'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FF80AC'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FF74B4'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FF69BC'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FF5CC3'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FF50C9'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FF44CE'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#FF38D2'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#F92CD6'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#F124D8'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#E820DA'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#DD23DB'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#D12CDB'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#C436DA'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#B642D8'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#A64ED5'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#945AD2'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#7F66CE'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#6671C9'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#437CC3'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0086BD'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0090B6'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#0099AF'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00A2A7'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00AA9F'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00B196'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00B88E'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00BE85'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00C47C'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00C974'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00CE6C'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00D166'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00D560'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00D75D'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00D95B'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00DB5C'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00DB5E'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#00DC63'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#4ADB69'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#69DA70'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#81D977'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#94D77F'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#A6D487'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#B5D18E'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#C2CD96'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#CEC99D'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr height=\"2\">\n                <td bgcolor='#D9C4A4'>\n                <\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n        <\/TABLE>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Observ\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"267\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/echelle-267x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3170\" style=\"width:66px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/echelle-267x1024.jpg 267w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/echelle-78x300.jpg 78w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/echelle.jpg 389w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-bb7a82f7-b292-463e-85f6-c563544b033f\">Ce qui correspond bien \u00e0 ce qui est observ\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Isostatiques, Isochromes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quand on appuie au milieu, on observe une croix ainsi avec deux branches bleues et deux rouges:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-930d3512 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1021\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/symetrie2-4-1021x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3146\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/symetrie2-4-1021x1024.jpg 1021w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/symetrie2-4-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/symetrie2-4-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/symetrie2-4-768x770.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/symetrie2-4-1532x1536.jpg 1532w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/symetrie2-4-2042x2048.jpg 2042w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1021px) 100vw, 1021px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1017\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/couleurs4-1024x1017.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/couleurs4-1024x1017.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/couleurs4-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/couleurs4-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/couleurs4-768x763.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/couleurs4-1536x1525.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/couleurs4-2048x2033.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les lignes isochromes, ces lignes d\u2019\u00e9gal cisaillement On peut aussi regarder la forme des isoclines. d\u00e9pendent de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 de la charge appliqu\u00e9e et de la longueur d\u2019onde utilis\u00e9e. Le long des isochromes, la diff\u00e9rence de chemin optique est \u00e9gale \u00e0 un nombre entier de fois la longueur d\u2019onde. Ces lignes s\u2019appellent isochromes, car observ\u00e9es en lumi\u00e8re blanche (spectre large). Ce sont des lignes d\u2019\u00e9gale couleur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-80b377d6-2fd1-4706-9ebb-2b631b22c567\">\n<li>Ne se croisent pas sauf aux points d&rsquo;isotropie (ici le centre o\u00f9 on appuie)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Donnent l&rsquo;orientation des contraintes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>principales dans tout le corps<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Servent \u00e0 tracer les isostatiques (lignes de<br>force perpendiculaires aux isoclines)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\" id=\"block-3cc110fc-a376-4248-b6b0-cfda49d6c375\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"742\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Capture-decran-2024-01-04-a-00.16.49.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3151\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Capture-decran-2024-01-04-a-00.16.49.jpg 742w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Capture-decran-2024-01-04-a-00.16.49-300x207.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 742px) 100vw, 742px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-30c22193-2b38-42a2-ab77-db98940faf38\">Ce qu&rsquo;on observe , ou pas ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Capture-decran-2023-12-31-a-12.27.09-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3021\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Capture-decran-2023-12-31-a-12.27.09-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Capture-decran-2023-12-31-a-12.27.09-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Capture-decran-2023-12-31-a-12.27.09-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Capture-decran-2023-12-31-a-12.27.09-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Capture-decran-2023-12-31-a-12.27.09-rotated.jpg 1269w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style='border: 2px solid #88AA88; background: #DDFFDD; padding:8px;' ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/qui.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1120\" width=30 \/> <b>Inspiration<\/b><br>Julien Fade \u00e0 l&rsquo;Espace des sciences de Rennes:\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8_2bNro8byU?si=oC17eaMT8bX6vXcQ\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tarte au citron transparente avec une f\u00e8ve<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;\u00e9poque de la galette des rois, et jaloux des g\u00e2teaux math\u00e9matiques, mon professeur de physique a voulu un g\u00e2teau physique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comment cacher une f\u00e8ve dans un g\u00e2teau transparent ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La tarte au citron parait uniforme au premier regard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-invisible-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-invisible-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-invisible-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-invisible-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-invisible-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-invisible-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-invisible-2048x2048.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pourtant en lumi\u00e8re polaris\u00e9e, les pr\u00e9contraintes introduites apparaissent. Pour r\u00e9aliser la f\u00e8ve en contrainte, un trou a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 dans le g\u00e2teau. Puis le trou a \u00e9t\u00e9 bouch\u00e9 par un bouchon d&rsquo;une taille sup\u00e9rieur au trou, ins\u00e9r\u00e9 avec force dans le trou pour contraindre localement la tarte. Puis un peu de g\u00e9latine est \u00e0 nouveau coul\u00e9e pour cacher les jonctions et rendre la surface sup\u00e9rieure bien lisse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En lumi\u00e8re polaris\u00e9e, voici ce qu&rsquo;on observe, et on localise bien la f\u00e8ve sans ambiguit\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1018\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-feve-1018x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-feve-1018x1024.jpg 1018w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-feve-298x300.jpg 298w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-feve-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-feve-768x773.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-feve-1527x1536.jpg 1527w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gateau-feve-2036x2048.jpg 2036w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1018px) 100vw, 1018px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il ne reste plus qu&rsquo;\u00e0 dresser le gateau en posant la couche au citron sur un tarte en p\u00e2te bris\u00e9e, et rajouter de la meringue sur le dessus pour avoir notre tarte au citron transparente meringu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"883\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/meringue-1024x883.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3316\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/meringue-1024x883.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/meringue-300x259.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/meringue-768x662.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/meringue-1536x1324.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/meringue.jpg 1989w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style='border: 2px solid #AAAA88; background: #FFFFDD; padding:8px;' ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cuisine.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1120\" width=30 srcset=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cuisine.png 512w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cuisine-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cuisine-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/> <b>Conseil cuisine<\/b><br>\nRecette: G\u00e9latine 2 \u00e0 4 paquets pour 1L environ, acide citrique 50g pour 1L environ, sucre \u00e0 convenance environ 150g\/Litre, Eau (1L).\nMerinque: blanc d&rsquo;oeuf en neige puis ajouter le sucre, au four 1h \u00e0 120\u00b0C.\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"774\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture-decran-2024-05-04-a-09.07.47-774x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture-decran-2024-05-04-a-09.07.47-774x1024.jpg 774w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture-decran-2024-05-04-a-09.07.47-227x300.jpg 227w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture-decran-2024-05-04-a-09.07.47-768x1016.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture-decran-2024-05-04-a-09.07.47.jpg 1061w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Screenshot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il change de couleur quand on le mange.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2927,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2969"}],"version-history":[{"count":77,"href":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4909,"href":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2969\/revisions\/4909"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eva.louis-le-grand.net\/maths\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}